My Destiny free essay sample

The Destiny in My Hands I know that my destiny is in my hands. Everyone has a chance to do whatever they choose to do, whether it is to be great at basketball or excellent at playing the piano. Some people are born with certain gifts and some people have to practice that craft for countless hours. My destiny is unlimited. I chose not to limit myself to being perfect at one specific thing, but to be incredibly amazing at everything that I do. I wake up from the perfect slumber, to greatly bathe and get hygienically spotless, to leave the house to have a positive day. I walk with confidence and intelligence, yet without arrogance. I strive to improve my daily situation by facing everything with a positive attitude. I treat my destiny as a malleable piece of clay. I mold it every day to what I want it to be. We will write a custom essay sample on My Destiny or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Taking care of business in class and also being a young man of integrity, giving an example of how to behave mannerably and respectfully are ways to form my destiny into a successful and peaceful life. The dictionary definition of destiny is something that is to happen or has happened to a particular person or thing; lot or fortune. My definition of destiny is the results of the seeds you have sewn earlier. By getting a clear understanding of both of these definitions shows that a person’s destiny can be controlled by their own actions. The way that someone responds to another person can affect their own destiny. It is amazing that someone’s destiny can be affected positively and negatively. I am a firm believer in karma and fate; if you help someone they might help you or someone else in return. I was raised being taught to do things for others, not because you expect to receive something back, but because it is the right thing to do. If I make decisions like these, I will positively help mold my destiny. However, if you’re walking in the hallway and you chose to bully someone, this will leave a bad reputation, possibly destroying the good reputation that was once upheld. The seemingly minute things that I do in everyday life can have a grossing reputation that people relay to each other. I want to be honorably acknowledged when my name is mentioned. When there is a topic of discussion pertaining to recommendations, job positions, and other possible opportunities, I want to e positively recognized. Exhibiting the morals and values that I have developed continues to form my destiny. My cousin, Jesse Cole, is a motivational speaker and he spoke at an event that I attended a few years ago. During his speech he said, â€Å"Everything that I do from this point on must count†. He took on this motto for the rest of his life. Those words spoke volumes to me; so as a result, I then took on the same motto. I w alk my everyday life making sure that everything counts and profits me in a positive way, forming my more perfect destiny.

Informing about certain event

Informing about certain event Potential Needs of the Families of the Miners When Receiving the Message While informing about certain event, accident, or object, it is imperative to learn the target audience to whom a speaker addresses. Specifically, profiling the audience and analyzing the steps of message reporting are essential for shaping the final report.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Informing about certain event specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, attention should be paid to the appropriate language, use of specialized terms, style of report, and topic covered. At this point, considering the families of the trapped miners, it is important to focus on the language of representation and the topics covered. There is no need to represent information about some technical characteristics of the mine, but about the state of the miners, the depth of their location, and the time needed to rescue the victims of the collapse. Im portantly, the exact number of the miners should also be named, as well as the measures taken to rescue the trapped people. Finally, there should be encouraging words that would reassure the families that everything possible has been done to save the miners. Looking at the message from this perspective, Weik (2010) managed to define the main structure and elements of successful message. Hence, because the information was presented the next day after the catastrophe, there was no mentioning about the potential threats about the plans of the rescue groups. The channels of transmitting information should be face-to-face, or private to make sure that each member of family was informed and reassured that all evaluation plans are developed. Potential Needs of the Company’s Employees When Receiving the Message Delivering message to the company’s employee as the target audience, the message should provides sufficient information about the main causes of the collapse, as well a s the chances for survival. They should also be aware of the potential threats for the miners.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The current state of the mine should also be assessed to the employees to be aware of the technical risks of underground working. At this time, it is necessary to represent information about previous accidents taken place at this mine to define the probability of the future cave-ins. Such information has been presented by Yang (2010). The report, therefore, reveals facts about previous disasters and compares with the outcomes of this particular accident. This statistics is important for employees to assess the actual threats and define the preventive measure that could be taken in future. Action to be Taken before and after the Message is Delivered to Ensure That It Was Received as Intended Before delivering the message, the com municator must make sure that the audience is ready to accept the information. In this respect, the chosen communicational channels should be appropriate enough to send the message to the target audience. Aside from paths of rendering message, the sender should identify the purpose of the message by looking through its different components. In addition, it is also necessary to identify whether the message should be written or sent electronically. When addressing the families of the miners, it is better to send the message via e-mail in order to keep the information confidential and avoid misspelled message coming from the mass media. Otherwise, the original message can be significantly distorted by the media richness. Hence, the senders should make sure that the message has a sufficient background for the audience to understand the content. When the message is received by the audience, it is imperative to ensure the effectiveness of the feedback channels. In other words, the senders should be ready to respond to the potential needs and concerns of the audience that received the message.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Informing about certain event specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They should also be responsible for the outcomes that message would have both for the families of the miners and for the company’s employees. Hence, the tasks of the message reporters is to communicate more than just factual information and provide a message with a specific tone, style, and relationship, with regard to the audience they address. At this point, when the message is received, the sender should arrange the most appropriate channel of feedback and make sure that all messages written are successfully delivered to the receiver. After the message is sent, it is also imperative to wait for the receiver response and the role of the sender here lies in encouraging response through face-to-face ch annel. Communication Draft Addressing Families of Miners On August, 2010, a small copper mine in northern Chile suffered a collapse. 33 miners were trapped underground. The rescuing operations have been taking place to define the location of the workers for four days. Until then, there are not facts supporting that 33 miners are lost at the depth of around 300 meters. The rescue activists do not cease their operations in the hope to drill the hole and find out all the miners alive. Communication Draft Addressing Company’s Employees On August, 2010, our cooper mine in the northern Chile suffered a cave-in and left 33 workers underground. There is no official information about the state of the trapped people. Apparently, the main reason for the disaster was the recent earthquakes and the construction is too old to remain solid. Therefore, certain operation will be implemented to drill the hole and identify the location of the workers. The investigation of the case will be carri ed out to find out the main causes of the collapse. References Weik. J. (2010). Over 30 workers trapped after Chilean Copper Mine Collapse. Metal Bulletin Daily. 224, 1.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yang, J. (2010). From Collapse to Rescue: Inside the Chile Mine Disaster. The Start. Web.

Explore the Different Types of Galaxies

Explore the Different Types of Galaxies Thanks to instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers know more about the variety of objects in the universe than previous generations could even dream of understanding.  Even so, most people dont realize just how diverse the universe is. Thats especially true about galaxies. For a long time, astronomers sorted them by their shapes but didnt really have a good idea about why those shapes existed. Now, with modern telescopes and instruments, astronomers have been able to understand why galaxies are the way they are. In fact,  classifying galaxies by their appearance, combined with data about their stars and motions, give astronomers insight into galactic origins and evolution. Galaxy stories stretch back almost to the beginning of the universe.   This Hubble Space Telescope view reveals thousands of galaxies stretching back into time across billions of light-years of space. The image covers a portion of a large galaxy census called the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS). NASA, ESA, the GOODS Team, and M. Giavialisco (University of Massachusetts, Amherst) Spiral Galaxies Spiral galaxies are the most famous of all galaxy types. Typically, they have a flat disk shape and spiral arms winding out away from the core.  They also contain a central bulge, within which a supermassive black hole resides. Some spiral galaxies also have a bar that runs through the center, which is a transfer conduit for gas, dust, and stars. These barred spiral galaxies actually account for most of the spiral galaxies in our universe and astronomers now know that the Milky Way is, itself, a barred spiral type.  Spiral type galaxies are dominated by dark matter, making up nearly 80 percent of their matter by mass. An artists concept of what our galaxy looks like from outside. Note the bar across the center and the two main arms, plus smaller ones. NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESO/R. Hurt Elliptical Galaxies Less than one in seven galaxies in our universe are elliptical galaxies. As the name suggests, these galaxies are either range from having a spherical to egg-like shape.  In some regards they look similar to large star clusters, however, the presence of large amounts of dark matter help distinguish them from their smaller counterparts. A giant elliptical galaxy has a small neighbor with a HUGE black hole at its heart. NASA/ESA/STScI These galaxies contain only small amounts of gas and dust, suggesting that their period of star formation has come to an end, after billions of years of rapid star-birth activity.   This actually gives a clue to their formation as they are believed to arise out of the collision of two or more spiral galaxies. When galaxies collide, the action spurs great bursts of star birth as the commingled gases of the participants are compressed and shocked. This leads to star formation on a grand scale.   Irregular Galaxies Perhaps a quarter of galaxies are irregular galaxies. As one might guess, they seem to lack a distinct shape, unlike spiral or elliptical galaxies. Sometimes astronomers have referred to them as peculiar galaxies, due to their odd shapes. No matter what theyre called, astronomers want to understand why they often look like oddballs when compared to other galaxy types. One possibility is that these galaxies were distorted by a nearby or passing massive galaxy. We see evidence for this in some of the nearby dwarf galaxies that are being stretched by the gravity of our Milky Way  as they are cannibalized by our galaxy. The Large Magellanic Cloud (middle left) and Small Magellanic Cloud (upper center) over Paranal Observatory in Chile. European Southern Observatory In some cases though, it seems that irregular galaxies have been created by mergers of galaxies. Evidence for this lies in the rich fields of hot young stars that were likely created during the interactions. Lenticular Galaxies The lenticular galaxies are, to some extent, misfits. They contain properties of both spiral and elliptical galaxies. For this reason, the story of how they formed is still a work in progress, and many astronomers are actively researching their origins.   Galaxy NGC 5010 a lenticular galaxy which has features of both spirals and ellipticals. NASA/ESA/STScI Special Types of Galaxies There are also some galaxies that contain special properties that help astronomers classify them even further within their more general classifications.   Dwarf Galaxies: These are essentially smaller versions of those galaxies listed above. Dwarf galaxies are difficult to define because there is no well-accepted cut-off for what makes a galaxy regular or dwarf. Some have a flattened shape and are often referred to as dwarf spheroidals. The Milky Way is currently cannibalizing a number of these smaller stellar collections. Astronomers can track the motions of their stars as they swirl into our galaxy, and study their chemical makeup (also known as metallicity).Starburst Galaxies: Some galaxies are in a period of very active star formation. These starburst galaxies are actually normal galaxies that have in some way been disturbed to ignite very rapid star formation. As mentioned above, galaxy collisions and interactions are the likely cause of the starburst knots seen in these objects.Active Galaxies: It is believed that virtually all normal galaxies contain a supermassive black hole at their cores. In some cases, however, this central engine can become active and drive massive amounts of energy away from the galaxy in the form of powerful jets. These Active Galactic Nuclei (or AGN for short) are widely studied, but it is still unclear what causes the black hole to suddenly become active. In some cases, passing clouds of gas and dust may fall into the gravitational well of the black hole. The material gets superheated as it swirls around in the black holes disk, and a jet may form. The activity also gives off x-rays and radio emissions, which can be detected with telescopes here on Earth. The study of galaxy types continues, with astronomers looking back to the earliest epochs of time using Hubble and other telescopes. So far, theyve seen some of the very first galaxies and their stars. These little shreds of light are the beginnings of the galaxies we see today. The data from those observations will help the understanding of galactic formation back at a time when the universe was very, very young.   This simple diagram of galaxy types is often called Hubbles tuning fork. public domain Fast Facts Galaxies exist in a variety of shapes and sizes (called their morphology).Spiral galaxies are very common, as are ellipticals and irregulars. The first galaxies were likely irregulars.Galaxies grow and evolve through collisions and mergers. Sources â€Å"Galaxy | COSMOS.†Ã‚  Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/g/galaxy.HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials - About Edwin Hubble, hubblesite.org/reference_desk/faq/all.php.catgalaxies.NASA, NASA, science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-are-galaxies.    Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

SYRIA MDG'S Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SYRIA MDG'S - Annotated Bibliography Example El-Khatib et.al point out that the United Nations had less to worry about the Millennium Development Goals in Syria before 2007 (8). Apart from the effects on its own MDG, neighboring countries such as Jordan and Lebanon have been affected by the crisis. This shows the depth in which the crisis in Syria has affected the region’s economic condition (Allison, 801). In an argument by Alison et.al the impact on other countries has further cut down on the potential of Syria recovering from the effects of the war early enough (807). Shojaei, Amir, KazemYoussefi, and Hossein Shams Hosseini."A CDA Approach to the Biased Interpretation and Representation of Ideologically Conflicting Ideas in Western Printed Media."  Journal of Language Teaching and Research  4.4 (2013): 858-68. Print. The article presents a summary of the paper by pointing out that Syria’s MDG has been significantly affected by the crisis. Shojaei, Kazemand & Hossein point out that the UN has cited Syria as the worst affected country by internal violence in the modern day (863). The UN is also keen to note that the country has become less humanity friendly as refugees from Syria are on the increase in Lebanon and Jordan. UNDP."Responding to the Crisis in Syria."  Responding to Crisis in Syria.N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. . To further examine the impact of the crisis in Syria on its MDG, UNDP highlights data that show the effect on human development. About 100,000 persons have lost lives since the crisis in Syria. In addition, 4 million people are displaced within Syria and another 2 million are refugees in foreign countries. The article further points out that 3 million of 22 million populations of Syrians have been driven to extreme poverty as the poverty levels rise to 8% from almost 0% in 2007. United Nations

Critical analyses of Teenage Pregnancy in UK and it's impact on Essay

Critical analyses of Teenage Pregnancy in UK and it's impact on children , families and society - Essay Example There are a number of reasons for this disparity one of which is delay by the government to address the issue. Teenage mothers as a whole face a number of challenges including drop out of school, lack of income, loss of friends and the relationship with family members deteriorate (Berrington, Diamond, Ingham et al, 2005). Infants born of teenage mothers on the other hand have a higher mortality rate, born with many complications and denied parental love and care (Harden, Bruton, Fletcher and Okley, 2009). There have been various efforts by the government to try and combat this problem. One of the commonest is educating the young about sex. In sex education teenagers are taught the mechanisms of sex and how to prevent pregnancy (Carabine, 2007). However, sex education has been heavily criticized for failing to address issues that matter such as contraceptives. Just like in other countries where teenage pregnancy is low, transparency and early intervention is favoured (Fletcher, 2010). Though the government has done a lot to address the issue, the roots causes are yet to be tackled (Horgan and Kenny, 2007). Teenage pregnancy has been equated to deprivation. Once the government effectively tackles poverty in society, much would have been accomplished in the campaign against teenage pregnancy. The objective of this essay is to give a critical analysis of teenage pregnancy in the UK. It will address the effects on the mother, family and society as a whole. Comparisons will be drawn with other countries which might be experiencing a greater or lesser challenge. Finally, the effectiveness of UK government policies will be evaluated. According to Maslow, growth and survival are the basic explanation to human behaviour. The most important needs for survival are the basic requirements such as food and water which must be satisfied before satisfaction of higher needs. The higher needs though with ability to ensure psychological well-being of individuals have less

Influence Of Transnational Actors On Foreign Policy

Influence Of Transnational Actors On Foreign Policy To make reference to this issue, is necessary know the relevance of different actors in the global field, because the conception of the state as the only actor, now is not valid for the apparition of new actors, which play a important roles. For that reason, it is necessary take in account those actors in the process of decision-making on a country. The focus of the article is in transnational actors, which can be divided into 2 classes. The first ones are the Non-Governmental Organizations, which place great importance to growth and can influence in so many aspects, because they can reach interconnect persons, governments, and International organization. ONG is any non-profit group of citizen volunteers, which is organized locally, nationally or internationally. With task-oriented and run by people with a common interest, NGOs perform a variety of services and humanitarian functions, bring citizens issues to governments, monitor policies and encourage community participation. They p rovide analysis and expertise, serve as early warning mechanisms and help in monitoring and implementing international agreements. NGOs are characterized by be pressure and influence groups in the international society and they are active in various fields because of the interests of protecting the environment, development, peacekeeping and human rights. While many countries receive with gratitude these services, the services provided by other NGOs are often seen as barriers or attacks on the sovereignty of certain countries. In fact, given that NGOs have no link with the policy of one country in particular, their independence sometimes allows them to go against the policies implemented by some countries. One of the main NGO problems is the lack of international regulation, because they must have recognize of the good management, the reached goals, and they need to be regulated too, because frequently governments and people are not satisfied with their acts. The second topic are the Transnational Corporations in contradistinction to Non-governmental Organizations, TNC are corporations created for profit. They are gigantic factories that want to reach all countries, places in the world with the purpose of spread the power. The power is reflected in the influence that they have in the governments of all countries, industrialized and developing. They bring foreign direct investment that has benefits to countries. But are focus directly in the realization of economic activities in several countries, as well as joint development and implementation of a unified strategy, and to achieve it, have the ability to create a sphere of protection and promotion of individual human rights. Also Transnational Corporations activities have been criticized because of the affected in environmental stress and social changes and their great impact on the politics decisions to government protects their interests. All those aspects are reinforced in the article The Power of Transnatio nal Corporations: The economic and political powers bring the deepening of the disparity of wealth, impoverishment working conditions, corruption and pollution, deterioration of health and safety in production processes, loss of employment for many workers in the world and the human rights violation   [1]  . When the role of transnational actors is studied, it is every time more evident the influence in International Relations, because of the interdependence between all units in the system. The Non- Governmental Organizations have imposed new standards and codes of conduct as ethics, seals and certification. It is noted the need by an affirmation of international law as they tend to weaken national labor codes, as well as trade unions. But the main reason for existence of an NGO is to promote education for development, development aid, that is, financial cooperation, the supply of equipment and technical assistance or support personnel, concerning about removing obstacles to soc io-political, economic and physical, that prevent the development of human potential, particularly the most disadvantaged sectors of Third World countries. The ONG need meet some characteristics like internal structure, to have their origin in an agreement between states, to be a democratic organization, their fines are not a profit-driven, they must pursuing international interests and must be constituted in accordance with the laws of the home state. The weight can be seen in important NGOs like Greenpeace, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨International Amnesi, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Human Rights Watch, CARE, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Mà ©decins Sans forntià ©res, Cruz Roja Internacional, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨WWF. Greenpeace for example is a is an independent global campaigning organization that acts to change attitudes and behaviors, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace  [2]  . These types of Organization exercise their influence through oppression to reach the goals in front to environment. In United States Greenpeace has recently led a campaign to end the marketing of overfished seafood populations in American supermarkets. As a result, Stop Shop and Giant Food are not selling Shark, Orange Roughy, and Chilean Sea Bass until the populations rebound  [3]  . Also had big challenges in case of Fisher Price in which the purpose was lead several types of phthalates from toys and child-care products. So With campaigns that help to spread information around the world, organization can play an important role in politics of governments that have influence in all countries because of the interdependence effects for commerce and shared politics. The organization gained attention by creating mind bombs, or strong, visual messages distilling their position on complex environmental issues  [4]  . Another example of influence is with the Mà ©decins Sans forntià ©res is concerned about Armed conflict. Social violence, healthcare exclusion and Natural disaster which have h ad goals like politics adopted in countries to fight against maternal health On April 27, 2010, the Sierra Leone government started implementing a policy of free healthcare for pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and children under five. MSF welcomes the governments commitment to the new policy and hopes that this will improve the access to healthcare for these vulnerable groups  [5]  . With those distinctions it can see the importance of NGOs because some who work around the protection, promotion and preservation of the environment with sustainable development through international cooperation and some that work in areas of immigration and refugees, disabled, sick, infants, and family, all of those institutions are focusing in a objective, the only one objective is work for the welfare of the community, so, NGOs have emerged as a response to needs which the State does not satisfy. Society organized civil search and complementary alternative solutions for the full development of these shortcomings. But some facts have made loss the credibility of the management of ONG because so many NGOs in some countries are making some corrupt practices, the funds acquired by international channels are often misused, and do not meet the targets set, decreasing the impact of these vulnerable society. UN Anti-corruption meeting develops worrisome trend: Algerian NGO blocked and a Gabonese activist faces difficulties: The Algerian government is blocking attendance of an Algerian NGO from an upcoming UN anti-corruption summit. This is a deeply worrying development, according to the UNCAC Coalition, a group of over 200 organizations seeking implementation of the UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC)  [6]  . It is necessary remains have the integrity, authority and influence of NGO but that is only achieved through transparency and good deeds. Another central issue is the importance of Transnational Corporations which has a very broad field of action, The area of in fluence of transnational corporations is not limited solely to the economic sector, but are linked to each other political and social processes. These companies are directly related to border trade, foreign investment, technology exchange, but there is a fundamental feature to be recognized as a transnational corporation, is necessary for the company concerned has branches or Subsidiaries Outside of home country. According to a study conducted by the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations, it was established that: A transnational firm is defined as a company or group companies constituted by a parent company in accordance with law of a country which, from its headquarters abroad implants with its subsidiaries and direct investment (mergers, privatizations and acquisitions). With a global strategy designed to designed to remove any obstacle to the expansion and the free movement of powerful consortia and transnational monopolies  [7]  . These TNC have the capacity to exercise the effect to induce the increasing interdependence increasingly impossible for the countrys economic incoherence, its import and export processes because of its influence in places where they are established, since they are very large companies with high profits, bringing foreign direct investment the country, which brings benefits such as increased employment and capital also covers the financing requirements, stable cash flows that do not harm the economy by his stay in the country. Means more growth, more and more foreign exchange per capita income in the host country, and so does increase the chances of decrease in the poverty rate. On the other hand, opponents to the TNC have clear reason to discredit their activities, using the argument of the disadvantage in maintaining the emerging market to compete to such large corporations as they have no capacity, no facilities and enjoy the competitiveness that they have acquired Over the years and have no influence on these countries trade policies. With so much power, these corporations can exclude and exercise their potential economies in developing countries more than developed countries with which negotiations conducted in similar terms. In this context, TNCs are at the heart of the concerns of the world labor and environment. The reasons are mainly the following: At the height of inequity on the planet are the CTN. The growth of economic operations of TNC in the decade that contrasted with the growth of poverty. In 2001, CTN, with 54 million workers at its subsidiaries abroad, sales were $ 19 billion, greater than that of Global exports of which, in turn, was for them to a third party  [8]  . The biggest problem with government is its inability to monopolize and regulate all activities that a TNC can develop, as it can be said that they do not have an established global regulation issued by international standards or national norms constituted. The countries can be affected by the triangulation, regulatory arbitrage, the ease of transferring production from one country to another, because when companies take advantage of its spreading on the international market can perform operations that benefit them but harm to small businesses national. It can be conclude the transnational actors have an essential and central character in the system b ecause the globalization the market opens the communication and increasing interdependence, the unification of markets, societies and culture governments need make a transition in resources, influencing the government politics because of relations among other countries taking in account the shared problems, risks and rewards according to social, political and economic issues. All these aspects lead the government to design policies for better development and management of newly emerging phenomena in the field. Y so to counteract facts put at a disadvantage both the government in taxing domestic policy as in the care of the industry as a vulnerable sector. In social terms the design of policies is even more important, the need for government to fight the interests of society, minimizing poverty and improving quality of life of the inhabitants, which is threatened by some unregulated corporations that bring the benefits and reduce unemployment for nationals. On the other hand, there i s great influence of NGOs face the struggle for rights human, which arise, as a response to needs which the State does not satisfy. Civil society organizations are looking for alternative solutions and complementary to the full development of these shortcomings. No doubt that the function carried out with various projects to benefit promotes community development-oriented management. Pressures exerted by these organizations are governments reacting address problems identified, found and criticized by them. SOURCES Henderson, Conway W. International Relations, Conflict and Cooperation at the Turn Of the 21st Century. Willets, P, Transnational Actors and International Organizations in global politics. Tamayo Franco, Rafael, Relaciones internacionales en contexto Complilador (Pages 51-60) Reina, Mauricio,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Secretario Tà ©cnico de la Misià ³n de Polà ­tica Exterior e Investigador Asociado de Fedesarrollo, Portafolio, Newspaper. April 17 2010. Greenpeace, (www.greenpeace.org), April 2010. UNCTAD, (www.unctad.org) April 2010. Oficina de Asistencia Tà ©cnica Legislativa ,PROGRAMA DE FORTALECIMIENTO LEGISLATIVO, CONGRESO DE LA REPÚBLICA DE COLOMBIA United Nations, UNCTAD, Transnational Corporations, Volume 17, Number 3, December 2008. Zubizarreta, Juan Hernandez, Modificaciones normativas, Empresas transnacionales, desarrollo y soberania. Medecins sans frontiere, (http://www.msf.org/) April 2010.

A Critical Evaluation of The Value of Play Essay

Introduction Play has a vital role in a child’s learning and development. Each adult has their own interpretation of what play is, but play can be interpreted as, ‘children being given the opportunity to use resources and facilities provided in order to develop their skills and expand their knowledge. This can be done spontaneously through imaginative play, and using communication to enhance their independent learning. Play can also be seen as a way a child learns and develops emotionally, physically and socially. DEFINITIONS OF PLAY What is play? Play can be interpreted as, children being given the opportunity to use their imaginative skills, to learn as well as develop their physical, social, emotional and cognitive skills. Play can be child initiated, or adult led, where they provided with resources and support in both situations. Play is an attitude that manifests itself in different behaviours. Gavey (1991) stated â€Å"play was a forward and backwaref 7cd movement where different levels of action, communication, and interaction are needed. It could be regarded as deeply serious and purposeful or trivial and purposeless, (Attfiled 2005). Similarly, (Molyes J) stated â€Å"play is without a doubt the most natural way children learn all over the world†. Babies and young children learn through interaction with an adult, who could be parents, siblings, other family members as well as practitioners who have responsibility of looking after the well-being of a child. However, Froebel stated, play is what children are involved with when they initiate a task and work is what they do when fulfil a task required by an adult. Bruce 2005. The role of an adult is entering a child play that is child initiated, and intervening to extend the play without interfering. Bruce Children need to play with objects and materials and resources in order for play to integrate cognitive processes and stimulate the imagination. The value of play Play is seen as the â€Å"only† way that young children learn and develop their social, physical, cognitive and emotional skills. Bruce(2005) Value of play A practitioner who understands the importance of play, offers children  freedom, where they are able to choose their own activities. * Gives a child freedom * Responsibilities * Child initiated * Adult led * Risks * Consequences Child initiated play Child initiated play can be interpreted as any activity that is started by a child to meet their personal needs and interests, Moyles J (2008). This can alos be seen as active learning, where the childis engaging in the activity they are doing. Bruner argued and put forward children require choice and should be able to make their own decisions in order to learn and develop their skills. For example in a reception class where children are of the age 4-5 years, being given the freedom of being able to choose any activity available to them and to carry out their chosen task or activity in their choice of environment can be seen as child initaitiated play. The adult has no role in the choice of play as the child has the control of what they are setting out to do. However the adult provides the child with resouces. Through child initaied play children learn to become creative through critical thinking. When having achoen an activity to arry out they start to make cnectuoins which transfroms their understanding. Howevr if a child does not understand or have the skill to carry out an activity and feels they want to, they tend to approach an adult who then supports the child by interevening. (BRUCE) the adult can then support the child by scaffolding (BRUNER) for example Similary Vygotakys stated in his theory a childs needs to be independent in order to learn, however a child still requires the adult to present to aide them when needed. For example. By allowing a child the choice of free play they are able to explore DEFINITION By investigating childen learn and are able to ask the adult questions where the adult will support them by asking open eneded question and providing them with encouragement.