Informing about certain event

Informing about certain event Potential Needs of the Families of the Miners When Receiving the Message While informing about certain event, accident, or object, it is imperative to learn the target audience to whom a speaker addresses. Specifically, profiling the audience and analyzing the steps of message reporting are essential for shaping the final report.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Informing about certain event specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, attention should be paid to the appropriate language, use of specialized terms, style of report, and topic covered. At this point, considering the families of the trapped miners, it is important to focus on the language of representation and the topics covered. There is no need to represent information about some technical characteristics of the mine, but about the state of the miners, the depth of their location, and the time needed to rescue the victims of the collapse. Im portantly, the exact number of the miners should also be named, as well as the measures taken to rescue the trapped people. Finally, there should be encouraging words that would reassure the families that everything possible has been done to save the miners. Looking at the message from this perspective, Weik (2010) managed to define the main structure and elements of successful message. Hence, because the information was presented the next day after the catastrophe, there was no mentioning about the potential threats about the plans of the rescue groups. The channels of transmitting information should be face-to-face, or private to make sure that each member of family was informed and reassured that all evaluation plans are developed. Potential Needs of the Company’s Employees When Receiving the Message Delivering message to the company’s employee as the target audience, the message should provides sufficient information about the main causes of the collapse, as well a s the chances for survival. They should also be aware of the potential threats for the miners.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The current state of the mine should also be assessed to the employees to be aware of the technical risks of underground working. At this time, it is necessary to represent information about previous accidents taken place at this mine to define the probability of the future cave-ins. Such information has been presented by Yang (2010). The report, therefore, reveals facts about previous disasters and compares with the outcomes of this particular accident. This statistics is important for employees to assess the actual threats and define the preventive measure that could be taken in future. Action to be Taken before and after the Message is Delivered to Ensure That It Was Received as Intended Before delivering the message, the com municator must make sure that the audience is ready to accept the information. In this respect, the chosen communicational channels should be appropriate enough to send the message to the target audience. Aside from paths of rendering message, the sender should identify the purpose of the message by looking through its different components. In addition, it is also necessary to identify whether the message should be written or sent electronically. When addressing the families of the miners, it is better to send the message via e-mail in order to keep the information confidential and avoid misspelled message coming from the mass media. Otherwise, the original message can be significantly distorted by the media richness. Hence, the senders should make sure that the message has a sufficient background for the audience to understand the content. When the message is received by the audience, it is imperative to ensure the effectiveness of the feedback channels. In other words, the senders should be ready to respond to the potential needs and concerns of the audience that received the message.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Informing about certain event specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They should also be responsible for the outcomes that message would have both for the families of the miners and for the company’s employees. Hence, the tasks of the message reporters is to communicate more than just factual information and provide a message with a specific tone, style, and relationship, with regard to the audience they address. At this point, when the message is received, the sender should arrange the most appropriate channel of feedback and make sure that all messages written are successfully delivered to the receiver. After the message is sent, it is also imperative to wait for the receiver response and the role of the sender here lies in encouraging response through face-to-face ch annel. Communication Draft Addressing Families of Miners On August, 2010, a small copper mine in northern Chile suffered a collapse. 33 miners were trapped underground. The rescuing operations have been taking place to define the location of the workers for four days. Until then, there are not facts supporting that 33 miners are lost at the depth of around 300 meters. The rescue activists do not cease their operations in the hope to drill the hole and find out all the miners alive. Communication Draft Addressing Company’s Employees On August, 2010, our cooper mine in the northern Chile suffered a cave-in and left 33 workers underground. There is no official information about the state of the trapped people. Apparently, the main reason for the disaster was the recent earthquakes and the construction is too old to remain solid. Therefore, certain operation will be implemented to drill the hole and identify the location of the workers. The investigation of the case will be carri ed out to find out the main causes of the collapse. References Weik. J. (2010). Over 30 workers trapped after Chilean Copper Mine Collapse. Metal Bulletin Daily. 224, 1.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yang, J. (2010). From Collapse to Rescue: Inside the Chile Mine Disaster. The Start. Web.

Explore the Different Types of Galaxies

Explore the Different Types of Galaxies Thanks to instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers know more about the variety of objects in the universe than previous generations could even dream of understanding.  Even so, most people dont realize just how diverse the universe is. Thats especially true about galaxies. For a long time, astronomers sorted them by their shapes but didnt really have a good idea about why those shapes existed. Now, with modern telescopes and instruments, astronomers have been able to understand why galaxies are the way they are. In fact,  classifying galaxies by their appearance, combined with data about their stars and motions, give astronomers insight into galactic origins and evolution. Galaxy stories stretch back almost to the beginning of the universe.   This Hubble Space Telescope view reveals thousands of galaxies stretching back into time across billions of light-years of space. The image covers a portion of a large galaxy census called the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS). NASA, ESA, the GOODS Team, and M. Giavialisco (University of Massachusetts, Amherst) Spiral Galaxies Spiral galaxies are the most famous of all galaxy types. Typically, they have a flat disk shape and spiral arms winding out away from the core.  They also contain a central bulge, within which a supermassive black hole resides. Some spiral galaxies also have a bar that runs through the center, which is a transfer conduit for gas, dust, and stars. These barred spiral galaxies actually account for most of the spiral galaxies in our universe and astronomers now know that the Milky Way is, itself, a barred spiral type.  Spiral type galaxies are dominated by dark matter, making up nearly 80 percent of their matter by mass. An artists concept of what our galaxy looks like from outside. Note the bar across the center and the two main arms, plus smaller ones. NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESO/R. Hurt Elliptical Galaxies Less than one in seven galaxies in our universe are elliptical galaxies. As the name suggests, these galaxies are either range from having a spherical to egg-like shape.  In some regards they look similar to large star clusters, however, the presence of large amounts of dark matter help distinguish them from their smaller counterparts. A giant elliptical galaxy has a small neighbor with a HUGE black hole at its heart. NASA/ESA/STScI These galaxies contain only small amounts of gas and dust, suggesting that their period of star formation has come to an end, after billions of years of rapid star-birth activity.   This actually gives a clue to their formation as they are believed to arise out of the collision of two or more spiral galaxies. When galaxies collide, the action spurs great bursts of star birth as the commingled gases of the participants are compressed and shocked. This leads to star formation on a grand scale.   Irregular Galaxies Perhaps a quarter of galaxies are irregular galaxies. As one might guess, they seem to lack a distinct shape, unlike spiral or elliptical galaxies. Sometimes astronomers have referred to them as peculiar galaxies, due to their odd shapes. No matter what theyre called, astronomers want to understand why they often look like oddballs when compared to other galaxy types. One possibility is that these galaxies were distorted by a nearby or passing massive galaxy. We see evidence for this in some of the nearby dwarf galaxies that are being stretched by the gravity of our Milky Way  as they are cannibalized by our galaxy. The Large Magellanic Cloud (middle left) and Small Magellanic Cloud (upper center) over Paranal Observatory in Chile. European Southern Observatory In some cases though, it seems that irregular galaxies have been created by mergers of galaxies. Evidence for this lies in the rich fields of hot young stars that were likely created during the interactions. Lenticular Galaxies The lenticular galaxies are, to some extent, misfits. They contain properties of both spiral and elliptical galaxies. For this reason, the story of how they formed is still a work in progress, and many astronomers are actively researching their origins.   Galaxy NGC 5010 a lenticular galaxy which has features of both spirals and ellipticals. NASA/ESA/STScI Special Types of Galaxies There are also some galaxies that contain special properties that help astronomers classify them even further within their more general classifications.   Dwarf Galaxies: These are essentially smaller versions of those galaxies listed above. Dwarf galaxies are difficult to define because there is no well-accepted cut-off for what makes a galaxy regular or dwarf. Some have a flattened shape and are often referred to as dwarf spheroidals. The Milky Way is currently cannibalizing a number of these smaller stellar collections. Astronomers can track the motions of their stars as they swirl into our galaxy, and study their chemical makeup (also known as metallicity).Starburst Galaxies: Some galaxies are in a period of very active star formation. These starburst galaxies are actually normal galaxies that have in some way been disturbed to ignite very rapid star formation. As mentioned above, galaxy collisions and interactions are the likely cause of the starburst knots seen in these objects.Active Galaxies: It is believed that virtually all normal galaxies contain a supermassive black hole at their cores. In some cases, however, this central engine can become active and drive massive amounts of energy away from the galaxy in the form of powerful jets. These Active Galactic Nuclei (or AGN for short) are widely studied, but it is still unclear what causes the black hole to suddenly become active. In some cases, passing clouds of gas and dust may fall into the gravitational well of the black hole. The material gets superheated as it swirls around in the black holes disk, and a jet may form. The activity also gives off x-rays and radio emissions, which can be detected with telescopes here on Earth. The study of galaxy types continues, with astronomers looking back to the earliest epochs of time using Hubble and other telescopes. So far, theyve seen some of the very first galaxies and their stars. These little shreds of light are the beginnings of the galaxies we see today. The data from those observations will help the understanding of galactic formation back at a time when the universe was very, very young.   This simple diagram of galaxy types is often called Hubbles tuning fork. public domain Fast Facts Galaxies exist in a variety of shapes and sizes (called their morphology).Spiral galaxies are very common, as are ellipticals and irregulars. The first galaxies were likely irregulars.Galaxies grow and evolve through collisions and mergers. Sources â€Å"Galaxy | COSMOS.†Ã‚  Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/g/galaxy.HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials - About Edwin Hubble, hubblesite.org/reference_desk/faq/all.php.catgalaxies.NASA, NASA, science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-are-galaxies.    Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.